That team building event where everyone stood around awkwardly, made forced small talk, and checked their watches every five minutes? We’ve all been there. Bad team building games waste time and leave people less connected than before.
But the right games—run well—deliver real results. Gallup’s research shows that team engagement drives 23% higher profitability and 81% less absenteeism. And 70% of that team engagement comes down to how people connect and collaborate.
This guide gives you 20 team building games for work that actually work, complete with step-by-step instructions, time estimates, group sizes, and materials needed. Whether you’re looking for team building games for companies of all sizes or just a quick energizer for your next meeting, you’ll know exactly what to say, when to say it, and how to make each activity land.
Why Team Building Games Matter (The Data Behind It)
Let’s get the skeptics on board first. Team building isn’t just “fun and games”—it’s a business investment with measurable returns.
According to Gallup’s 2025 Global Workplace Report, disengagement cost the global economy $438 billion in lost productivity in 2024 alone. Meanwhile, highly engaged teams see turnover rates 18-43% lower than their disengaged counterparts.
The connection isn’t coincidental. Teams that regularly engage in collaborative activities outside of direct work tasks build:
- Psychological safety: People feel comfortable taking risks and admitting mistakes
- Communication patterns: Team members learn how each other thinks and communicates
- Trust bonds: Shared experiences create rapport that carries into daily work
- Problem-solving muscles: Teams practice working through challenges together
A study from the MIT Human Dynamics Laboratory found that the best predictor of team success isn’t individual intelligence or skill—it’s the quality of communication patterns within the group. Team building games are essentially practice sessions for building those patterns. (For the full research on what separates great teams from the rest, see our guide to high performing teams characteristics.)
How to Choose the Right Team Building Game
Not every game works for every situation. Before picking activities, consider these factors:
Group size matters. Some games shine with 5 people and collapse with 50. Others need critical mass to work. Match the activity to your headcount.
Energy levels vary. A Monday morning team might need energizers to wake up. A Friday afternoon crew after a long week might appreciate something low-key.
Physical abilities differ. Always have alternatives ready for team members who can’t participate in physical activities. The goal is inclusion, not exclusion.
Remote vs. in-person vs. hybrid. Some games translate beautifully to video calls. Others require physical presence. Know what you’re working with.
Time available. A 5-minute icebreaker serves a different purpose than a 60-minute problem-solving challenge. Plan accordingly.
Team dynamics. New teams need different activities than established ones. Strangers benefit from name-learning games; longtime colleagues need fresh challenges.
Now, let’s get to the games.
Quick-Reference: All 20 Team Building Games at a Glance
| Game | Time | Group Size | Type | Works Online? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two Truths and a Lie | 10-15 min | 4-20 | Icebreaker | Yes |
| Would You Rather | 5-10 min | Any | Icebreaker | Yes |
| One Word Check-In | 5-10 min | 5-25 | Icebreaker | Yes |
| Speed Networking | 10-15 min | 10-50 | Icebreaker | Yes |
| Marshmallow Challenge | 20-25 min | Teams of 4-6 | Problem-Solving | No |
| Paper Tower Challenge | 15-20 min | Teams of 3-5 | Problem-Solving | Limited |
| Blind Drawing | 15-20 min | Pairs | Problem-Solving | Yes |
| Minefield | 20-30 min | Pairs | Problem-Solving | No |
| Virtual Escape Room | 30-60 min | 4-10 | Problem-Solving | Yes |
| The Barter Puzzle | 30-45 min | 3-5 teams of 4-6 | Problem-Solving | Limited |
| Collaborative Storytelling | 20-30 min | 5-15 | Creative | Yes |
| Show and Tell | 20-30 min | 5-20 | Creative | Yes |
| Pitch the Product | 30-45 min | Teams of 3-5 | Creative | Yes |
| Office Trivia | 20-30 min | 8-50 | Creative | Yes |
| Human Knot | 15-20 min | 8-16 | Physical | No |
| Scavenger Hunt | 30-60 min | Teams of 3-6 | Physical | Yes |
| Silent Line-Up | 10-15 min | 10-40 | Physical | Limited |
| Group Juggle | 10-15 min | 8-20 | Physical | No |
| Virtual Coffee Roulette | 15-30 min | Any | Virtual | Yes |
| GIF Battle | 15-20 min | Any | Virtual | Yes |
Quick Team Building Icebreaker Games (5-15 minutes)
These quick activities warm up the room, help people learn names, and set a collaborative tone for what follows.
1. Two Truths and a Lie
Time: 10-15 minutes
Group size: 4-20 people
Materials: None
Best for: New teams, onboarding sessions
How to play:
- Each person thinks of three statements about themselves—two true, one false.
- Going around the group, each person shares their three statements.
- The rest of the team votes on which statement they think is the lie.
- The person reveals the truth.
Instructions to give participants: “Think of two interesting true facts about yourself and one believable lie. The goal is to fool us! Make your truths surprising and your lie plausible.”
Tips for success:
- Go first as the facilitator to model the format and energy level
- Encourage unusual truths (“I’ve been skydiving” beats “I have two siblings”)
- Keep voting quick—don’t let analysis paralysis set in
Virtual adaptation: Works perfectly on video calls. Have people type their guesses in chat simultaneously before revealing to prevent anchoring.
2. Would You Rather (Work Edition)
Time: 5-10 minutes
Group size: Any size
Materials: None
Best for: Quick energizers, meeting openers
How to play:
- Present two workplace-themed hypothetical scenarios.
- Everyone picks one option—no “both” or “neither” allowed.
- Briefly discuss reasoning if time allows.
Sample questions:
- Would you rather have unlimited vacation days or a 4-day work week?
- Would you rather always know what your boss is thinking or have your boss always know what you’re thinking?
- Would you rather give a presentation to 500 people or write a 50-page report?
- Would you rather work with your best friend or work for your favorite company?
Tips for success:
- Keep questions work-appropriate but thought-provoking
- The best questions have genuinely difficult tradeoffs
- Move quickly—this should feel energetic, not labored
Virtual adaptation: Use polls in Zoom or Teams. Display results instantly and let the minority explain their choice.
3. One Word Check-In
Time: 5-10 minutes
Group size: 5-25 people
Materials: None
Best for: Meeting openers, pulse checks
How to play:
- Ask everyone to describe how they’re feeling or their week in exactly one word.
- Go around the room (or unmute in order) and have each person share their word.
- Optional: invite brief elaboration if someone’s word sparks curiosity.
Instructions to give participants: “In one word, describe your energy level right now. No explanations yet—just the word.”
Tips for success:
- Accept whatever words people choose without judgment
- This surfaces how people are actually doing, which helps teams connect
- Works well as a recurring ritual at the start of regular meetings
Virtual adaptation: Have everyone type their word in chat at the same time, then read them aloud.
4. Speed Networking
Time: 10-15 minutes
Group size: 10-50 people (needs even numbers)
Materials: Timer, bell or noisemaker
Best for: Large groups, cross-department mixers
How to play:
- Pair everyone up, either by arranging two lines facing each other or assigning breakout rooms.
- Give pairs 2 minutes to chat using a provided prompt.
- When time’s up, ring a bell. One line shifts so everyone has a new partner.
- Repeat 4-6 times with new prompts each round.
Prompt ideas:
- What’s a project you’re proud of this year?
- What’s something most people at work don’t know about you?
- If you could learn any skill instantly, what would it be?
- What’s the best advice you’ve ever received?
Tips for success:
- Use a loud timer so conversations don’t run over
- Prepare more prompts than you think you’ll need
- End with a few minutes for people to reconnect with someone interesting
Virtual adaptation: Use breakout rooms with automatic rotation. Assign room numbers and have “odd numbers stay, even numbers move.”
Team Building Games with Objectives: Problem-Solving Challenges (15-45 minutes)
These activities challenge teams to collaborate, communicate, and think creatively under pressure.
5. Marshmallow Challenge
Time: 20-25 minutes
Group size: Teams of 4-6 (can run multiple teams simultaneously)
Materials: Per team: 20 sticks of spaghetti, 1 yard of tape, 1 yard of string, 1 marshmallow
Best for: Innovation workshops, demonstrating collaboration principles
How to play:
- Explain the goal: build the tallest freestanding structure that supports a marshmallow on top.
- Set the rules: teams have 18 minutes, they can use only the provided materials, the structure must stand on its own, and the marshmallow must be on top.
- Start the timer and let teams work.
- At 18 minutes, measure surviving structures from table to top of marshmallow.
Instructions to give participants: “Your goal is simple: build the tallest structure you can that holds a marshmallow at the very top. The structure must stand on its own—no hands, no leaning on walls. You have exactly 18 minutes. Go!”
Tips for success:
- Don’t give hints about strategy—discovery is the point
- Debrief afterward about what worked (iterative prototyping beats grand planning)
- This exercise reveals a lot about how teams approach ambiguity
Virtual adaptation: Not practical for remote—use “Virtual Escape Room” instead (see #9).
6. Paper Tower Challenge
Time: 15-20 minutes
Group size: Teams of 3-5
Materials: Per team: 10 sheets of paper, 1 roll of tape
Best for: Quick competitions, conferences
How to play:
- Each team must build the tallest freestanding tower using only paper and tape.
- Set a 12-minute timer.
- Towers must stand for at least 10 seconds to count.
- Measure and declare a winner.
Tips for success:
- The simple materials make this accessible
- Rolling paper into tubes creates stronger structures—but let teams discover this
- Photograph the towers before they inevitably collapse
Virtual adaptation: Have remote participants use materials from home. Trust their measurements and compare via video.
7. Blind Drawing
Time: 15-20 minutes
Group size: Pairs (can run many pairs simultaneously)
Materials: Paper, pens, printed images or shapes
Best for: Communication skills, cross-functional teams
How to play:
- Pair people up, sitting back-to-back (or in separate breakout rooms).
- One person receives an image or shape. The other has paper and pen.
- The person with the image describes it without naming what it is. The other person draws based only on verbal instructions.
- Compare the original and the drawing after 5 minutes.
- Swap roles and repeat.
Instructions to give the describer: “Describe the image using only shapes, positions, and sizes. You can’t say what the object is—only how to draw it. For example: ‘Draw a large circle in the center of the page.’”
Tips for success:
- Start with simple geometric images, progress to complex ones
- The exercise highlights how easily instructions get misinterpreted
- Great for discussing clear communication in the debrief
Virtual adaptation: Screen share the image only with the describer. The drawer shares their screen so others can watch the comedy unfold.
8. Minefield
Time: 20-30 minutes
Group size: Pairs, with audience
Materials: Objects to create obstacles (cups, cones, boxes, chairs), blindfolds
Best for: Trust building, leadership training
How to play:
- Create an obstacle course in an open space using random objects.
- Pair up participants. One person is blindfolded; the other is the guide.
- The guide must verbally direct their blindfolded partner through the minefield without touching any obstacles.
- Time each pair. Touching an obstacle adds penalty time.
- Switch roles so everyone experiences both perspectives.
Instructions to give participants: “Guides: you can only use your voice—no touching your partner. Be specific: ‘Take two small steps forward, then turn 45 degrees right.’ Blindfolded partners: trust your guide and communicate if you need clarification.”
Tips for success:
- Make the course challenging but achievable
- Silence from other teams prevents confusion
- Debrief on what communication strategies worked best
Virtual adaptation: Not practical for remote—use “Blind Drawing” instead (#7).
9. Virtual Escape Room
Time: 30-60 minutes
Group size: 4-10 per room
Materials: Escape room platform subscription or DIY puzzle set
Best for: Remote teams, thinking under pressure
How to play:
- Book a virtual escape room experience (providers include Escape Hunt, The Escape Game Remote Adventures, or Puzzle Break).
- Brief the team: they’ll solve puzzles collaboratively to “escape” before time runs out.
- Join the video call and let the game master guide the experience.
- Debrief on what collaboration strategies emerged.
Tips for success:
- Book platforms with dedicated game masters—they keep energy high
- Choose difficulty based on your team’s puzzle experience
- 60-minute rooms are better for team building than 30-minute ones
In-person adaptation: Book a physical escape room venue for local teams.
10. The Barter Puzzle
Time: 30-45 minutes
Group size: 3-5 teams of 4-6 people each
Materials: Jigsaw puzzles (same difficulty, different images), one per team with some pieces swapped between boxes
Best for: Cross-team collaboration, negotiation skills
How to play:
- Give each team a puzzle box. Unknown to them, some pieces have been swapped between teams.
- Set a timer: first team to complete their puzzle wins.
- Teams will discover they’re missing pieces—and that other teams have them.
- Teams must negotiate trades to get the pieces they need.
Instructions to give participants: “Complete your puzzle as quickly as possible. You may notice you’re missing some pieces. You’ll need to figure out where they are and negotiate to get them.”
Tips for success:
- Use 100-piece puzzles for a good balance of challenge and time
- Don’t explain the swapped pieces—let them discover the problem
- Watch for negotiation tactics: hoarding, bartering, alliances
Virtual adaptation: Use online collaborative jigsaw platforms where pieces are distributed across different teams’ boards.
Creative Team Building Games (20-45 minutes)
These activities tap into creativity, storytelling, and out-of-the-box thinking.
11. Collaborative Storytelling
Time: 20-30 minutes
Group size: 5-15 people
Materials: None
Best for: Creative teams, writers’ rooms, fostering spontaneity
How to play:
- Someone starts a story with one or two sentences.
- Going around the circle, each person adds one or two sentences, building on what came before.
- After everyone has contributed at least twice, the last person wraps up the story.
Instructions to give participants: “Build on what the previous person said—don’t ignore or contradict it. Use ‘Yes, and…’ thinking. Listen carefully so the story stays coherent (or hilariously doesn’t).”
Tips for success:
- Start with a fun prompt: “Once upon a time, in an office not unlike this one…”
- Keep contributions short to maintain momentum
- No judgment—weird stories are often the most memorable
Virtual adaptation: Works perfectly on video. Use a visual “talking stick” (rename yourself with an emoji) to show who’s speaking.
12. Show and Tell
Time: 20-30 minutes
Group size: 5-20 people
Materials: Participants bring an item
Best for: Remote teams, personal connection building
How to play:
- Ask everyone to bring an object that’s meaningful to them—something with a story.
- Each person takes 2-3 minutes to show their item and explain its significance.
- Audience can ask one or two questions.
Instructions to give participants: “Bring something that matters to you—it doesn’t have to be impressive. A coffee mug with a story beats a trophy without one. Think: What would you grab if your house was on fire?”
Tips for success:
- Model vulnerability by going first with a genuine personal item
- Enforce time limits gently to ensure everyone gets a turn
- Creates surprisingly deep connections quickly
Virtual adaptation: This is actually better virtually—people show items from their real homes.
13. Pitch the Product
Time: 30-45 minutes
Group size: Teams of 3-5
Materials: Random objects (one per team), flip chart paper (optional)
Best for: Sales teams, product teams, creativity challenges
How to play:
- Give each team a random, everyday object (stapler, coffee mug, rubber band ball).
- Teams have 15 minutes to create a marketing pitch for their object as if it were a revolutionary new product.
- Each team presents their 2-minute pitch to the group.
- Vote on the most compelling pitch.
Instructions to give participants: “You’re launching this product to the world. Create a product name, identify the target customer, and pitch us on why this is the must-have item of the year. Be creative—invent features, backstories, celebrity endorsements, whatever sells.”
Tips for success:
- Weirder objects make for funnier pitches
- Encourage props and theatrics in presentations
- The exercise reveals who has presentation skills and who has creative instincts
Virtual adaptation: Mail random objects to participants beforehand, or have them grab the nearest item on their desk.
14. Office Trivia
Time: 20-30 minutes
Group size: 8-50 people (in teams of 3-6)
Materials: Trivia questions, scoring system
Best for: Large groups, celebrating company culture
How to play:
- Prepare 20-30 trivia questions about your company, industry, and team members (with their permission).
- Divide into teams.
- Read questions one at a time. Teams write answers.
- Reveal answers and award points.
- Winning team gets bragging rights (and maybe a prize).
Question categories to include:
- Company history (“What year was the company founded?”)
- Fun facts about colleagues (“Who on this team has run a marathon?”)
- Industry knowledge (“What’s our competitor’s tagline?”)
- Pop culture tie-ins (“Which team member was born the same year as the first iPhone?”)
Tips for success:
- Mix easy and hard questions
- Keep the pace fast
- Gather facts about team members in advance via anonymous survey
Virtual adaptation: Use a platform like Kahoot!, Mentimeter, or a simple Google Form with instant scoring.
Physical Team Building Games for Adults (15-45 minutes)
These team building activities for the office get people moving and break the monotony of sitting all day.
15. Human Knot
Time: 15-20 minutes
Group size: 8-16 people
Materials: None
Best for: High-energy sessions, small groups
How to play:
- Form a circle standing shoulder to shoulder.
- Everyone reaches into the center and grabs two different hands—not the hands of people directly next to them.
- Without letting go, the group must untangle into a circle (or sometimes two linked circles).
Instructions to give participants: “Once you grab hands, don’t let go. You can adjust your grip, step over arms, duck under arms—but maintain hand contact. Communicate! You’ll need to coordinate who moves where.”
Tips for success:
- Works best with 8-12 people; larger groups split into multiple knots
- Some configurations are mathematically unsolvable—set a 10-minute time limit
- Always offer an alternative for those uncomfortable with physical contact
Virtual adaptation: Not practical for remote teams.
16. Scavenger Hunt
Time: 30-60 minutes
Group size: Teams of 3-6
Materials: List of items/challenges, prizes
Best for: Offsites, new office exploration, city team events
How to play:
- Create a list of items to find or challenges to complete (take a photo with a stranger, find a red object, capture your team’s best superhero pose).
- Teams have a set time to complete as many items as possible.
- Award points for completed challenges, bonus points for creativity.
- Teams return and share their best photos/stories.
Challenge ideas:
- Find something that represents your team’s mission
- Take a photo recreating a famous album cover
- Capture a video of your team’s original cheer
- Find a local business and get their business card
- Interview a stranger about their favorite work memory
Tips for success:
- Mix easy finds with creative challenges
- Photo evidence keeps things honest and creates memories
- Include a few challenges requiring the whole team in frame
Virtual adaptation: Create an at-home scavenger hunt: “Find something purple,” “Show us the view from your window,” “Find something older than 20 years.”
17. Silent Line-Up
Time: 10-15 minutes
Group size: 10-40 people
Materials: None
Best for: Quick energizers, communication lessons
How to play:
- Challenge the group to form a line based on a specific criterion—but without speaking.
- Start simple: line up by height.
- Increase difficulty: line up by birthday (month and day), by distance traveled to get here, by years at the company.
Instructions to give participants: “Form a single-file line in order of [criterion]. Here’s the catch: no talking, no mouthing words, no writing. Use only gestures.”
Tips for success:
- The non-verbal constraint forces creative communication
- Birthday line-up is classic and always produces surprises
- Great way to learn facts about colleagues
Virtual adaptation: Have people add a number to their display name and then sort themselves in breakout room order.
18. Group Juggle
Time: 10-15 minutes
Group size: 8-20 people
Materials: 3-5 soft balls or beanbags
Best for: Warm-ups, process improvement metaphors
How to play:
- Stand in a circle. Establish a pattern: Person A throws to Person B, B throws to C, and so on until it returns to A. Everyone receives from one specific person and throws to one specific person.
- Run through the pattern until it’s smooth.
- Add a second ball. Then a third.
- Challenge the group to complete the pattern with all balls without dropping any.
Instructions to give participants: “Remember who you receive from and who you throw to. When we add more balls, maintain your pattern—don’t get distracted by the chaos.”
Tips for success:
- Start slow and build speed
- When balls drop (they will), reset calmly
- Great metaphor for workflow and handoffs in the debrief
Virtual adaptation: Not practical for remote teams.
Online Team Building Games (15-30 minutes)
These activities are designed specifically for remote and hybrid teams. For a complete guide to virtual team building, see our virtual team building ideas guide.
19. Virtual Coffee Roulette
Time: 15-30 minutes per pairing
Group size: Any size (pairs meet separately)
Materials: Scheduling tool, conversation prompts
Best for: Ongoing connection, cross-team relationship building
How to play:
- Use a tool like Donut (Slack), Random Coffee, or a simple spreadsheet to randomly pair team members.
- Pairs schedule a 15-30 minute video call during the week.
- Provide optional conversation starters to prevent awkward silences.
- Repeat weekly or bi-weekly.
Conversation starters:
- What’s something you’ve learned recently outside of work?
- What’s the best trip you’ve ever taken?
- What are you watching, reading, or listening to lately?
- What’s a skill you’d love to learn?
Tips for success:
- Make it opt-in to avoid resentment
- Rotate pairings so people meet different colleagues over time
- Leadership participation signals it’s valued
20. GIF Battle
Time: 15-20 minutes
Group size: Any size
Materials: Chat platform with GIF support
Best for: Fun breaks, high-energy remote sessions
How to play:
- Announce a prompt or emotion (examples: “How I feel about Monday mornings,” “My reaction to a canceled meeting,” “When my code finally works”).
- Everyone has 30 seconds to find and post the best GIF response.
- Vote on the winner (most reactions wins).
- Winner picks the next prompt.
Tips for success:
- Fast pace keeps energy high
- The sillier the prompts, the better
- Creates a shared catalog of inside jokes
Making Team Building Games Work: Practical Tips
Even the best game can fall flat with poor execution. Here’s how to ensure success:
Start with why. Briefly explain why you’re doing this activity. “We’re going to spend 15 minutes on this because building connections helps us collaborate better” is better than “Okay, we’re doing a team building thing now.”
Read the room. If energy is low, don’t force high-energy activities. If people seem resistant, start with something low-commitment.
Participate yourself. Leaders who stand aside create an “us vs. them” dynamic. Play the games, look a little silly, model the behavior you want.
Debrief when appropriate. Problem-solving games benefit from reflection: “What worked? What would you do differently?” Icebreakers usually don’t need this.
Make it optional but encouraged. Mandatory fun is an oxymoron. Create conditions where people want to participate, but don’t penalize those who can’t or won’t.
Respect time boundaries. If you said 15 minutes, end at 15 minutes. Trust is built by keeping commitments.
Include everyone. Always have alternatives for physical activities. Consider introverts in your game selection. Ensure remote participants can fully engage in hybrid settings.
Building a Team Building Culture
One-off events don’t create lasting connections. The most effective teams build regular, low-pressure rituals:
- Weekly icebreaker questions at the start of team meetings (5 minutes max)
- Monthly team activities that rotate between in-person and remote-friendly options
- Quarterly larger events that bring distributed teams together
Tools like Cheerillion can help automate team celebrations and keep recognition flowing between formal events. When appreciation becomes habitual, trust builds organically.
Looking for more team activities beyond games? See our team bonding activities guide for 60+ ideas across remote, hybrid, and in-person formats.
The games in this guide are starting points. Adapt them to your team’s culture, try new things, and pay attention to what resonates. The goal isn’t to run perfect activities—it’s to create the conditions where genuine human connection can happen.
Your team spends a huge portion of their lives working together. Make it time well spent.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the best team building games for adults?
The best team building games for adults balance fun with purpose. For quick sessions, try Two Truths and a Lie or Would You Rather—they’re easy to facilitate and work for any group size. For deeper collaboration, the Marshmallow Challenge and Barter Puzzle push teams to communicate and problem-solve under pressure. The key is matching the game to your group’s energy level, available time, and whether you’re meeting in person or online.
What is a good 5-minute team building activity?
The One Word Check-In is one of the best 5-minute team building activities. Each person shares a single word describing their current mood or energy, and it instantly shifts the room from “work mode” to “human mode.” Would You Rather (Work Edition) is another strong option—it sparks quick debate and laughter without requiring any prep or materials. Both work equally well in person and on video calls.
How do you do team building virtually?
Virtual team building works best when you choose activities designed for the screen rather than adapting in-person games. GIF Battles, Virtual Coffee Roulette, and online escape rooms all create genuine connection without the awkward forced-fun feeling. Use built-in platform features like polls, chat reactions, and breakout rooms to keep everyone engaged. The most important rule: keep virtual activities shorter than you would in person, since screen fatigue is real.
What are team building games with objectives?
Team building games with objectives are activities that develop specific workplace skills while still being fun. The Marshmallow Challenge teaches iterative prototyping and collaboration. Blind Drawing sharpens communication skills by forcing precise verbal instructions. The Barter Puzzle develops negotiation tactics and cross-team collaboration. When choosing objective-driven games, pick the skill you want to strengthen first, then select the game that targets it.
Sources
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Gallup. (2025). State of the Global Workplace 2025 Report. Retrieved from https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
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Gallup. (2024). Employee Engagement Drives Business Performance. Retrieved from https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236927/employee-engagement-drives-growth.aspx
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Pentland, A. (2012). The New Science of Building Great Teams. Harvard Business Review, April 2012. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2012/04/the-new-science-of-building-great-teams
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Wujec, T. (2010). Build a Tower, Build a Team. TED Talk. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower_build_a_team (Marshmallow Challenge research)